Enhanced context encoding for single image raindrop removal

Science China Technological Sciences - Despite the great success achieved by convolutional neural networks in addressing the raindrop removal problem, the still relatively blurry results call for...     

Re-Looking into the Active Moieties of Metal X-ides (X- = Phosph-, Sulf-, Nitr-, and Carb-) Toward Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Non-precious metal-based catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have been extensively studied, among which the transition metal X-ides (including phosph-ides, sulf-ides, nitr-ides, and carb-ides) materials are emerging as promising candidates to replace the benchmark Ir/Ru-based materials in alkaline media. However, it is controversial whether the metal Xides host the real active sites since these metal Xides are thermodynamically unstable under a harsh OER environment—it has been reported that the initial metal Xides can be electrochemically oxidized and transformed into corresponding oxides and (oxy)hydroxides. Therefore, the metal Xides are argued as “pre-catalysts”; the electrochemically formed oxides and (oxy)hydroxides are believed as the real active moieties for OER. Herein, the recent advances in understanding the transformation behavior of metal Xides during OER are re-looked; importantly, hypotheses are provided to understand why the electrochemically formed oxides and (oxy)hydroxides catalysts derived from metal Xides are superior for OER to the as-prepared metal oxides and (oxy)hydroxides catalysts.     

时间效应在悬滴法测定表面张力中的影响

表面张力是流体重要的物理性质,测定表面张力的方法通常包括毛细管上升法、最大气泡压力法、拉环法、旋滴法和悬滴法等。目前,最普遍的表面张力的测定方法为国家标准推荐的平板法或拉环法。然而,悬滴法作为一项成熟的表面张力测定方法且具备静态表面张力及动态表面张力测定功能,目前使用该法测定的较少。文章使用悬滴法测定较低含量的表面活性剂溶液静态表面张力时发现结果与拉环法差异较大,而测定单组分液体及含量较大的表面活性剂溶液,悬滴法与拉环法的测定数据差异较小,这种情况的相关报道较少。另外,使用动态表面张力测定探索了静态测定时出现差异的原因,并对应用悬滴法进行表面张力测定的适用范围进行了总结。使用悬滴法测定表面张力时,应注意时间效应的影响。     

土壤环境污染及监测技术现状分析

经过多年的建设发展,我国在生产、生活等各个领域都已经取得了举世瞩目的成就,尤其是在经济建设方面,取得的建设成果非常显著。在城市建设过程中取得的变化可以用日新月异来形容,但是环境污染尤其是土壤污染问题也随之产生。目前,土壤污染是环境治理难题中的重点内容。在相关技术人员实际工作中,需要运用多种不同的方法开展及时有效地监测,以此来制定正确的策略,解决土壤污染的治理问题。     

Effects of ultrasound-assisted resting on the qualities of whole wheat dough sheets and noodles

The effects of resting under ultrasonic treatment on the properties of whole wheat dough sheets and noodles were investigated. Compared with the control group, the resting time to reach the maximum breaking force and extensibility of whole wheat dough sheets treated with ultrasound was shortened by 20 min. The proportion of strongly bound water (T₂₁) decreased, while the proportion of weakly bound water (T₂₂) increased during resting, and the ultrasonic treatment could accelerate this moisture redistribution in the dough. The extent of the increase in gluten macropolymer and the decrease in –SH content of ultrasound-treated wheat dough was higher than that of the control one during the initial 5–15 min resting, which could be related to the improvement of whole wheat dough extensibility. Whole wheat noodles showed a better breaking distance for 10 min of ultrasonic-assisted resting. Ultrasonic treatment could be used to reduce the resting time of whole wheat dough sheets and improve the texture properties of noodles.     

Enhanced Magnetoresistance Effect and Magnetic Properties of Double Perovskite La2−xSrxMnRuO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0)

Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism - Double perovskite La2?xSrxMnRuO6 (x?=?0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0) samples were synthesized by the standard solid-state reaction...     

Accelerating water dissociation kinetic in Co9S8 electrocatalyst by mn/N Co-doping toward efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution

Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution under alkaline media holds great promising in hydrogen energy production. Transition-metal sulfides (TMSs) are attractive for electrocatalytic alkaline hydrogen evolution, yet their catalytic performance is unsatisfactory owing to the sluggish water dissociation kinetics. Herein, a Mn/N co-doping strategy is proposed to regulate the water dissociation kinetics of Co₉S₈ nanowires array grown on nickel foam thus improve the activity of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The optimal Mn/N co-doping Co₉S₈ (Mn–N–Co₉S₈) catalyst achieves low overpotentials of 102 and 238 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm^?2 in the 1 M KOH solution, respectively, remarkably higher than the single-doping Mn–Co₉S₈ and N–Co₉S₈ as well as superior to many reported Co₉S₈-based HER electrocatalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation results confirm that the water dissociation barrier of the Mn–N–Co₉S₈ is reduced significantly owing to the synergistic co-doping of Mn and N, which accounts for the enhanced alkaline HER performance. This study offers an effective strategy to enhance the alkaline HER activity of TMSs by accelerating water dissociation kinetic via the cation and anion co-doping strategy.     

A hybrid fuel cell system integrated with methanol steam reformer and methanation reactor

In this paper, a hybrid fuel cell system integrated with methanol steam reformer and methanation reactor is demonstrated. Methanol steam reformer employed in this system is to produce hydrogen-rich reformate in connection with a methanation reactor to reduce the carbon monoxide content effectively, and the reformate gas is sent into a low-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell for direct electric power generation. The optimum conditions (temperature, water to methanol ratio, and space velocity) for methanol steam reforming (MSR) reaction and methanation (MET) reaction are verified by experiments. A comparison between pure hydrogen, reformate surrogate, and actual reformate is performed. The results show that the power density of this hybrid system achieves 245.2 mW/cm² while it achieves 268.8 mW/cm² when employing pure hydrogen as the fuel. An alternative novel method to solve the problem of hydrogen storage and transportation is provided and the in-situ hydrogen production and utilizing through low-temperature fuel cell system is realized, which is helpful to accelerate the commercialization process of the fuel cell.     

建筑给水立管成环型式与水头损失消减效果研究

建筑供水系统是城镇供水体系的终端,建筑的节能节水问题一直是业界关注的热点.建筑给水管道系统多采用枝状管网,存在节能节水方法不多、最不利点水压待优化、节能节水效率不高等问题.提出了基于最不利点的建筑给水立管设置成环状观点,采用EPANET软件建立了建筑给水立管系统模型,研究了建筑给水管道系统在不同流量、不同立管成环型式的最不利点水头损失变化规律,表明建筑立管成环型式均有明显的水头损失消减作用,确定出几种典型建筑给水立管成环型式的最不利点水头损失消减效果,其中2种管网的三立管成环型式的水头损失比单立管型式分别减小27.08％和50.47％;明确了建筑给水立管成环型式的连通管长度及管径之间适配性,确定的适宜管径和最大长度分别为DN32和100?230 m.